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CERT-In advises people to use strong, unique passwords for every online account and enable two-factor authentication wherever it is available. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds another step to sign-in, making a password alone less likely to be enough for someone to access your account.

What CERT-In recommends for personal accounts

CERT-In’s advisory on preventing data breaches and data leaks gives two direct recommendations: “Use strong and unique passwords for all the online accounts” and “Enable two-factor authentication wherever available.” The advisory uses the term “two-factor authentication”; later CERT-In materials commonly use “multi-factor authentication” or MFA.

In practical terms, turn on the additional sign-in step separately for each account that offers it, and do not reuse a password between services. MFA adds a check beyond the password, such as a confirmation or other authentication method. It is worthwhile, but it does not guarantee that an account cannot be compromised.

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How to turn on MFA for an account

There is no single setup path that applies to every service. Use the provider’s own account-security instructions, since menu names and available methods differ.

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  1. Sign in to the service and open its account settings or security settings.
  2. Find the option for two-factor authentication, multi-factor authentication, or an additional sign-in verification step.
  3. Follow the service’s enrollment prompts and choose a method it supports and that works with your devices.
  4. Complete the setup and follow the provider’s instructions for recovery or backup access, so you have a route back into the account if your usual method is unavailable.

If the service does not offer MFA, keep a strong, unique password for it and follow the provider’s security guidance. CERT-In’s individual-user advisory does not provide one universal enrollment guide for every provider.

Choosing an authentication method

The best available choice depends on what the account provider supports, how you use the account across devices, and how you can recover access. CERT-In’s 2026 Microsoft 365 advisory highlights FIDO2, Windows Hello for Business, and certificate-based methods as phishing-resistant options in its organizational context. That is not a consumer ranking, and it does not establish that every service supports those methods.

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A FIDO2 security key is one possible physical option when a provider supports FIDO2. Check the provider’s compatibility and recovery instructions before relying on a particular method or device. CERT-In names the method, not a consumer product or model.

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What the guidance means for organizations

CERT-In’s recommendations for organizations go beyond an individual turning on MFA in personal account settings. Its August 7, 2026 advisory on emerging threats targeting Microsoft 365 calls for MFA across users, applications, and client types; removal of unnecessary exclusions; and phishing-resistant authentication. It also discusses conditional-access policies, device compliance, session controls, and review of privileged access.

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Separate CERT-In guidance identifies priority areas for broader coverage:

  • The 2025 controls for micro, small, and medium enterprises identify critical systems, administrative accounts, and remote-access tools as priorities for MFA.
  • Guidance for government entities says cloud-service user accounts should have MFA alongside a strong password policy.

These are organization-specific controls, not extra setup requirements for every personal account holder. Administrators should apply them in the context of their systems, users, and access policies.

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  • WORKS WITH 1000+ ACCOUNTS: Compatible with Google, Microsoft, and Apple. A single Security Key NFC secures 100 of your favorite accounts, including email, password managers, and more.
  • FAST & CONVENIENT LOGIN: Plug in your Security Key NFC via USB-A and tap it, or tap it against your phone (NFC) to authenticate. No batteries, no internet connection, and no extra fees required.
  • TRUSTED PASSKEY TECHNOLOGY: Uses the latest passkey standards (FIDO2/WebAuthn & FIDO U2F) but does not support One-Time Passwords. For complex needs, check out the YubiKey 5 Series.
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Why MFA is not a guarantee

MFA raises the barrier to account access, but some attacks can get around it. CERT-In’s 2026 Microsoft 365 advisory describes device-code phishing, in which a user is tricked into authorizing an attacker-controlled device code, allowing the attacker to obtain OAuth tokens. It also describes theft and replay of session tokens, which can bypass MFA.

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Do not approve an authentication request or enter a device code just because a prompt appears. If you did not initiate the sign-in, stop and check the account through the service’s official app or website. Organizations should also use the protections in CERT-In’s advisory, including phishing-resistant methods where supported, and monitor for suspicious authentication activity.

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