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For U.S. federal elections, an individual may donate directly to a candidate within the legal limit, but a corporation generally may not use its treasury funds to contribute directly to a federal candidate committee. A company can instead pay to establish and administer a separate segregated fund (SSF), commonly called a corporate PAC. That PAC may contribute to candidates under federal limits. A Super PAC can accept unlimited corporate money, but it cannot contribute to candidates; it can only finance independent expenditures. State and local rules can be materially different, so the federal answer should not be applied automatically to a governor, state legislative, mayoral or other nonfederal race.
What the federal rule says
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) states that “An individual may make contributions to candidates and their authorized committees, subject to limitations.” For the 2025–2026 federal election cycle, an individual may give $3,500 per candidate, per election. A primary and a general election are separate elections for this limit, although special circumstances and a candidate’s reporting designations can affect how a payment is treated. Check the FEC’s current table before giving: FEC contribution limits.
Corporate treasury money is treated differently. The FEC’s federal donor guidance says, “Campaigns may not accept contributions from the treasury funds of corporations, labor organizations or national banks.” The prohibition also covers incorporated nonprofit organizations. A corporation therefore cannot write a check from its operating account directly to a federal candidate committee, even if the company’s executives support that candidate. The eligibility guidance is at Who can and can’t contribute to a campaign.
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| Route | Who supplies the money | Recipient or activity | Federal result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual contribution | U.S. individual donor | Candidate committee | Permitted within the per-candidate, per-election limit |
| Corporate treasury contribution | Corporation’s general funds | Candidate committee | Prohibited for federal candidates |
| Corporate SSF (traditional corporate PAC) | Separate fund administered by a corporation; eligible solicited donors provide contributions | Candidate committees and other permitted political committees | Permitted, subject to PAC contribution limits, reporting and solicitation rules |
| Super PAC (independent-expenditure-only committee) | Individuals, corporations, labor organizations and others allowed by law | Independent expenditures supporting or opposing candidates; not candidate contributions | May accept unlimited contributions but may not contribute to candidates |
The word PAC does not identify one legal category. A traditional, candidate-contributing PAC and a Super PAC have different purposes, donor rules and limits. Ask which committee type is involved before deciding whether a payment is legal.
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Can an individual donate directly to a candidate?
Yes, for a federal race, an eligible individual can make a contribution to the candidate’s authorized committee, subject to the FEC limit and other restrictions. The 2025–2026 ceiling is $3,500 per candidate for each election (for example, one limit for the primary and another for the general election). A contribution can be money or something of value, such as goods or services provided below their normal cost; the campaign must handle and report it under FEC rules.
Before donating, confirm that you are contributing in your own name, are not a prohibited foreign national, and are not using money supplied by another person. Federal law prohibits making a contribution in someone else’s name. Foreign nationals may not make contributions or donations in connection with federal, state or local elections. A federal candidate also may not accept a contribution from a federal government contractor. The FEC’s donor-eligibility page explains these prohibitions and additional categories.
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Can a corporation donate directly to a federal candidate?
No. A corporation’s treasury account cannot make a direct contribution to a federal candidate committee. That rule applies to for-profit companies and incorporated nonprofit organizations. It is not avoided by routing the payment through a corporate officer, labeling it a sponsorship, or asking an employee to submit the company’s money in the employee’s name; those arrangements can create an impermissible contribution in another person’s name.
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The restriction concerns a contribution to the candidate. Federal law treats an independent expenditure differently. A corporation may be able to spend its own funds on a communication that expressly supports or opposes a clearly identified candidate if the spending is genuinely independent and complies with applicable disclaimer and reporting requirements. That is not a contribution to the candidate, and coordination with the campaign can change the legal treatment. A Super PAC is the usual committee vehicle for unlimited independent-expenditure fundraising, not a pass-through for a candidate donation.
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How a company can use a corporate PAC
A corporation may establish and pay the costs of administering a separate segregated fund (SSF). The SSF is legally distinct from the corporation’s treasury. The corporation can provide office space, staff time, accounting and other administrative support for the fund, and can solicit contributions from the classes of people permitted by federal law. The SSF—not the corporation’s operating account—makes political contributions.
Operational steps
- Identify the jurisdiction and committee purpose. Confirm that the committee will operate in federal elections and decide whether it will be a traditional candidate-contributing PAC or an independent-expenditure-only committee. Do not use “PAC” as shorthand for both.
- Create the separate fund and registration structure. Establish accounting and bank controls that keep SSF receipts and disbursements separate from corporate treasury transactions. Federal committees register and file reports with the FEC.
- Set a lawful solicitation program. Limit solicitations to people the corporation may solicit under federal rules, provide the required notices, and keep records of requests, responses and refunds.
- Screen every receipt. Verify donor identity, eligibility, amount and source. Reject foreign-national money, contractor contributions where prohibited, contributions in another person’s name and amounts above the applicable limit.
- Approve and report disbursements. The PAC’s contributions to candidates are subject to federal limits and reporting deadlines. Keep invoices, authorizations, refund records and evidence that the payment came from the SSF.
The corporation can fund administration, but that does not turn corporate treasury money into a permissible candidate contribution. The candidate contribution must be made by the properly regulated PAC account.
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Are Super PAC donations the same as donations to a candidate?
No. The FEC describes Super PACs as independent-expenditure-only committees. They may accept unlimited contributions, including from corporations and labor organizations, but they do not make contributions to candidates. Their spending must remain independent rather than coordinated with a candidate or campaign.
A contribution gives money or something of value to a candidate committee or political committee for political use under contribution rules. An independent expenditure pays for a communication or other political activity that is not coordinated with the candidate. The distinction matters even when both activities praise the same candidate: a Super PAC payment is not credited to the candidate’s contribution limit and cannot be used as a disguised campaign transfer.
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Other donor categories: partnerships and LLCs
Do not assume every business entity is treated as a corporation or as an individual. Federal treatment of a partnership or limited-liability company depends on its tax and organizational classification, ownership and the source of the funds. An LLC that is taxed as a corporation can face the corporate treasury prohibition; an entity treated as a partnership may be subject to partnership attribution and allocation rules. Review the entity’s federal classification and the FEC’s current guidance before contributing.
Foreign ownership does not make a contribution permissible. Foreign nationals are barred from contributions and donations in connection with elections at the federal, state and local levels, and a U.S. entity must not use foreign-national funds for a prohibited political contribution. When ownership, control or source of funds is mixed, obtain specialist campaign-finance advice rather than relying on the entity’s label.
Why state and local races require a separate check
Federal rules govern federal candidates. States and municipalities set their own contribution limits, prohibited-donor rules, disclosure requirements and definitions of political committees. The National Conference of State Legislatures’ comparison, updated October 6, 2025, separates individual, PAC, corporate and union limits for 2025–2026: State Limits on Contributions to Candidates.
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NCSL’s overview reports that 23 states completely prohibit corporations from contributing to political campaigns, based on its overview accessed October 13, 2026. That count is not a timeless rule for every office; confirm the dated state table and the relevant election authority before relying on it. A state may use a limit per contest, per election, per calendar year or per cycle, and the rule can differ for a party committee, ballot-measure committee, candidate committee or local office. NCSL’s overview is at Campaign Contribution Limits: Overview.
Information to identify before giving
- The candidate’s office and jurisdiction: federal, state, county or municipal.
- The committee’s legal name and type: candidate committee, traditional PAC, party committee or Super PAC.
- The donor’s status: individual, corporation, SSF, partnership, LLC, union, contractor or foreign national.
- The applicable period: primary, general, special election, contest, calendar year or election cycle.
- Whether the payment is a contribution or an independent expenditure, and whether any coordination exists.
Does Citizens United allow corporations to give directly to candidates?
No. Decisions allowing corporate-funded independent political spending do not erase the federal prohibition on corporate treasury contributions to candidate committees. A corporation may fund independent expenditures, including through a Super PAC, while still being barred from writing a direct candidate check. Treat direct contributions and independent spending as separate legal categories.
Quick Recap
A practical compliance checklist
- Confirm whether the race is federal or covered by state or local law.
- Verify the recipient committee and whether it is a candidate committee, traditional PAC or Super PAC.
- For an individual federal donation, apply the $3,500-per-election limit for 2025–2026 and check the FEC table for current adjustments.
- Never send corporate treasury funds directly to a federal candidate committee.
- For a corporate PAC, keep the SSF’s bank account, records and reporting separate from corporate treasury activity.
- Reject contributions made in another person’s name, from prohibited foreign nationals or from prohibited federal contractors.
- For an LLC or partnership, determine classification, ownership and attribution before payment.
- For a state or local candidate, consult the current election authority’s rule rather than importing the federal limit.
Bottom line for common questions
- Can a corporation donate to a political candidate? Not from its treasury to a federal candidate committee. It may support a compliant SSF or independent-expenditure activity, and state rules vary.
- Can I donate directly to a candidate? An eligible individual can donate directly to a federal candidate within the applicable per-election limit and donor restrictions.
- Can a company donate through a PAC? Yes, through a properly established and regulated corporate SSF; the PAC, not the corporate treasury, makes candidate contributions.
- Are Super PAC donations candidate donations? No. Super PACs may receive unlimited contributions for independent expenditures but may not contribute to candidates.
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