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No. The James Webb Space Telescope has not shown that our universe is inside a black hole. A March 2025 analysis of 263 galaxies in Webb’s Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) found that roughly two-thirds appeared to rotate clockwise and one-third counterclockwise relative to the Milky Way. That imbalance is intriguing because an isotropic universe should produce an approximately even split, but the result comes from a selected sample and has not been established as a universal effect.
The study, led by Kansas State University computer scientist Lior Shamir and published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, leaves two broad possibilities: an observational brightness bias caused by the Milky Way’s rotation, or a real preferred cosmic direction that could fit speculative “black-hole cosmology.” Neither interpretation has been demonstrated.
What the JADES galaxy-spin analysis found
Shamir’s analysis examined 263 galaxies imaged by JWST in JADES. By measuring the shapes of their spiral structures, the analysis classified each galaxy’s apparent direction of rotation as clockwise or counterclockwise when viewed from Earth. About two-thirds fell into the clockwise category and about one-third into the counterclockwise category.
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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFor a universe with no preferred direction, researchers generally expect the two apparent orientations to occur in roughly equal numbers. A two-to-one split therefore looks unusual enough to investigate. Shamir told Kansas State University that the difference is visually striking in the images, while also saying that its cause remains unclear.
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The finding is a property of this analyzed sample, not a census of every galaxy. A classification of “clockwise” or “counterclockwise” also describes how a galaxy is oriented in an image; it does not by itself reveal whether the entire universe is rotating.
Two explanations for the apparent imbalance
A Doppler-selection effect from the Milky Way
The less exotic explanation starts with the Milky Way. Our galaxy rotates, and that motion can Doppler-shift incoming light differently depending on the direction from which it arrives. If one apparent class of distant galaxies is made slightly brighter by that shift, a telescope survey could detect more of that class than the other.
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In this scenario, the galaxies are not collectively rotating around a universal axis. The imbalance is produced by how our motion changes the observed brightness and therefore the chance that a galaxy enters a highly filtered sample. If the effect is real, Shamir says deep-universe distance measurements could require recalibration because brightness is used in several astronomical distance methods.
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The more speculative possibility is that the universe was born with a net rotation or another preferred axis. In black-hole cosmology, the observable universe is hypothesized to exist inside a black hole formed in a parent universe. Rotation inherited from that parent black hole could, in principle, influence the direction in which galaxies form and spin.
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Theoretical physicist Nikodem Poplawski has described this as a possible inherited axis that could affect galaxy-rotation dynamics. This is a hypothesis about the universe’s origin, not an observation that our universe has been identified as a black-hole interior. It would need to predict measurable effects beyond this one sample imbalance.
| Question | Milky Way Doppler selection | Primordial or black-hole-cosmology rotation |
|---|---|---|
| Physical mechanism | Our galaxy’s motion changes the observed brightness of incoming galaxies. | An initial cosmic rotation or inherited axis influences galaxy formation and spin. |
| Nature of the effect | Observational selection; the underlying galaxy population could still be isotropic. | Intrinsic property of the universe or its formation. |
| Distance-measurement consequence | Could require recalibration of deep-universe distances if brightness is systematically biased. | Would imply a broader directional effect that should appear in independent cosmological measurements. |
| What would test it | Compare brightness and spin classifications in surveys covering different sky regions and account for the Milky Way’s velocity. | Replicate a preferred axis across independent surveys and show that the pattern survives changes in sample selection and analysis method. |
Why the result does not prove we live inside a black hole
The JADES analysis has several selection features that can amplify an apparent imbalance. A Scientific American review noted that the sample was highly filtered, concentrated near the Milky Way’s rotational pole, limited to face-on spiral galaxies, and stripped of objects whose rotation could not be determined reliably. Each choice may be reasonable for an image-classification study, but the combined filters mean the 263 galaxies are not a random draw from the observable universe.
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The same review reported that larger surveys and studies covering other parts of the sky have not consistently found evidence for a rotating universe. It also noted that the published paper does not provide enough methodological detail to determine how stable the result is under alternative filtering choices. A striking image pattern can therefore be genuine for the selected data while still failing to describe the universe as a whole.
Replication is the key unresolved issue. A universal rotation signal should persist when researchers analyze independent JWST fields, optical surveys, different galactic inclinations, and classification methods that do not depend on the same exclusions. If the imbalance changes substantially with sky position or brightness threshold, an observational bias becomes more plausible.
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What scientists would need to check next
- Use independent fields: Analyze galaxies far from the JADES pointing and from the Milky Way’s rotational pole.
- Publish the full selection pipeline: Report how face-on galaxies were chosen, how uncertain classifications were handled, and how many objects were removed at each stage.
- Quantify classification uncertainty: Test whether automated shape measurements and independent human classifications produce the same ratio.
- Model the Milky Way’s motion: Calculate whether the expected Doppler brightness difference is large enough to produce the observed detection imbalance.
- Check redshift and brightness dependence: A selection effect should leave patterns tied to apparent brightness, distance, or observing direction.
- Compare distance indicators: If the Doppler explanation is correct, independent deep-universe distance methods could show a directional discrepancy.
- Test cosmological predictions: A primordial-rotation model must predict additional, measurable directional signatures rather than only explain the JADES ratio after the fact.
What “inside a black hole” means in this context
Black-hole cosmology is not the claim that astronomers have found a nearby black hole surrounding Earth. It is a speculative model in which the region we call the observable universe corresponds to the interior of a black hole in a larger “parent” universe. In that picture, the parent black hole’s rotation could establish a preferred direction inherited by structures inside it.
That idea differs from the standard conclusion drawn from ordinary black-hole observations. The JADES result supplies no event-horizon measurement, no direct detection of a parent universe, and no independent proof of a cosmic boundary. It supplies an unexpected orientation count that could be caused by either astrophysical selection or a deeper cosmological effect.
The evidence-based verdict
Shamir’s 263-galaxy result is worth testing because it departs from the roughly even clockwise-counterclockwise split expected under isotropy. At present, however, it is best described as a reported asymmetry in a selected JADES sample. The evidence does not establish that the universe rotates, does not require black-hole cosmology, and does not prove that we are trapped inside a black hole.
Until independent surveys reproduce the signal and rule out Doppler and selection effects, the black-hole interpretation remains an interesting possibility rather than a discovery.
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