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Yes—but the “whirlpool” is a superconducting vortex, not a magnetic skyrmion. A Hebrew University of Jerusalem team demonstrated a one-bit memory by trapping one vortex between two stable positions, bringing its measured operating cost close to the physical minimum for erasing a bit. The device is still a cryogenic proof of principle, not a room-temperature memory replacement.
What the Hebrew University experiment demonstrated
A superconducting vortex is a concentrated, whirlpool-like pattern of magnetic field that forms inside a superconductor at cryogenic temperature. In the 2026 experiment, researchers confined a single vortex so it could occupy one of two stable locations. One location represented binary 0 and the other represented binary 1.
That arrangement creates a complete one-bit memory element: moving the vortex between the two positions changes the stored state. The experiment did not demonstrate a complete memory array, a commercial chip or a room-temperature device. It showed that one vortex can be manipulated as a reproducible classical bit while dissipating exceptionally little energy.
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The underlying paper, N. Fridman et al., “Approaching Landauer’s limit in a single superconducting vortex memory bit,” appeared in Nature Communications in 2026 (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-77988-x).
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How close is it to Landauer’s limit?
Landauer’s limit is the theoretical minimum energy associated with erasing one bit of information. It is a thermodynamic lower bound, not a specification that ordinary memory chips routinely achieve.
The team measured an operating cost of approximately five times Landauer’s limit. Yonathan Anahory, the study leader, said the result “can run at approximately five times Landauer’s limit,” describing it as close to the minimum permitted by physics.
A Hebrew University release said a comparable operation in a modern computer uses more than a million times more energy. That is the institution’s contextual comparison, not a universal benchmark for every processor, memory technology or workload. Energy use varies with the circuit, the operation being measured and the system around it.
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Why the memory must be cooled to about 4 kelvin
The prototype operates at approximately 4 kelvin, about −269 °C or −452 °F. At that temperature, the material can sustain the superconducting state in which the vortex exists and can be observed as a stable magnetic object.
Cooling to 4 K requires specialized cryogenic equipment, insulation and continuous thermal management. Those requirements overwhelm the energy savings of a single bit in an ordinary computer room. They also make this result fundamentally different from a drop-in replacement for mainstream solid-state memory.
The temperature is less prohibitive for systems that are already designed to operate cold. The researchers identify cryogenic electronics and quantum-computing installations as possible future settings because those platforms can include hardware at similarly low temperatures. That is a prospective application, not evidence that a vortex-memory product has been integrated into a quantum computer.
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How researchers measured such a small energy loss
The vortex is too small and delicate for ordinary magnetic probes to resolve its motion and dissipation directly. The team used an ultrasensitive SQUID-on-tip microscope to track the vortex’s magnetic response as it moved between its two positions.
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Those measurements allowed the researchers to infer the tiny amount of energy dissipated during operation. Co-lead researcher Nofar Fridman described measuring that loss as a major experimental challenge because “a vortex is an exceptionally small and delicate object.”
Is superconducting vortex memory practical yet?
No. The result is a proof of principle. A single demonstrated bit does not establish that millions or billions of bits can be fabricated with matching properties, addressed independently, read reliably or manufactured at acceptable cost.
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Important engineering questions remain open:
- Scaling: Researchers must show that many vortices can be arranged without unwanted interactions or state errors.
- Addressing: A practical array needs compact write and read mechanisms rather than a scanning microscope.
- Retention and reliability: The two positions must remain distinguishable for the required storage time and across repeated operations.
- Cryogenic integration: Control electronics, interconnects and cooling must work together without erasing the energy advantage.
- Fabrication: The experiment must translate into repeatable devices rather than a carefully tuned laboratory structure.
Until those issues are solved, the five-times-Landauer result should be read as a physics milestone, not as a product announcement.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How this differs from skyrmion memory
The two ideas share a visual metaphor—a tiny magnetic whirl—but they are different physical systems. The Hebrew University result stores information in the position of a superconducting vortex. Skyrmion memory stores information in a magnetic skyrmion, often in devices that use magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs).
| Characteristic | Superconducting-vortex bit | Conventional electronic memory | Skyrmion-based memory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Information carrier | One superconducting vortex | An electrical state in a device-specific circuit | A magnetic skyrmion; the 2024 Nature MTJ work is a separate approach |
| Stable states demonstrated | Two vortex positions representing 0 and 1 | Implementation-dependent; not stated in the cited reports | Not stated in the cited reports |
| Operating temperature | Approximately 4 K (−269 °C / −452 °F) | Room-temperature operation is typical, but no figure is given in the cited reports | Not stated in the cited reports |
| Energy per operation | Approximately five times Landauer’s limit | Not stated in the cited reports | Not established by the vortex experiment |
| Read/write method | Vortex motion measured through its magnetic response with a SQUID-on-tip microscope | Depends on the memory technology | Magnetic-tunnel-junction methods in the separate skyrmion work |
| Development status | Single-bit laboratory proof of principle | Commercial technologies exist | Research-stage magnetic-device demonstrations |
Calling the vortex result “skyrmion memory” would therefore be inaccurate. Both are nanoscale magnetic concepts, but their materials, operating conditions and device physics are not interchangeable.
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What happens next
The immediate scientific goal is to determine whether the unusually low dissipation survives in larger, addressable arrays. Researchers will also need practical readout circuits, repeatable fabrication and a system-level accounting that includes cryogenic control hardware.
For now, the significance is conceptual: a single superconducting vortex can hold a classical bit and operate at an energy cost only about five times the Landauer benchmark. The 4 K requirement confines the idea to specialized cryogenic research, but it identifies a possible route toward lower-dissipation memory in environments where superconducting hardware is already necessary.
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