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On October 8, 2026, the U.S. Treasury Department announced sanctions against 17 vessels it described as part of Iran’s remaining shadow fleet, along with companies connected to them. Treasury said the vessels had carried Iranian crude oil and petroleum or petrochemical products to markets in South and East Asia. In the same action, the department said it removed two other vessels from the sanctions list after they left the network and were sold to non-sanctioned operators.
What did the United States sanction?
Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated 17 vessels and associated companies under Executive Order 13902, which targets Iran’s petroleum sector and other key sectors. Treasury framed the action as part of Operation Economic Outcast, intended to disrupt shipping channels that enable Iranian petroleum and petrochemical sales. The announcement does not quantify the sanctions’ effect on Iranian revenue, shipping volumes, or market prices. Treasury’s October 8, 2026 announcement is the primary source for the designations and Treasury’s descriptions of the vessels’ reported cargo histories.
Which vessels did Treasury name?
The following table summarizes the 17 vessels and cargo histories Treasury cited. Flags, owners or operators, and shipment quantities below are attributed to Treasury; they are not independently verified cargo-manifest findings. IMO numbers identify the vessels and help distinguish them from ships with similar names.
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|---|---|---|
| PARITOSH (9383352) | Comoros; Paritosh Shipping Inc., Marshall Islands | Over 100,000 barrels of bitumen/asphalt in 2026 |
| BITU (9531765) | Panama; Ornella Shipping Inc., Marshall Islands | Over 170,000 barrels of bitumen/asphalt in 2026 |
| STARWAY (9273246) | Panama; Hechuang International Group, China | Over 3 million barrels of naphtha since 2025 |
| GAS LUCKY (9177557) | Bahamas; Shunhang Ship Management Ltd, China | Over 500,000 barrels of ethylene since 2025 |
| G SPRING (9040118) | Mongolia; JLS Dragon Co Ltd, Hong Kong | Equivalent of over 1 million barrels of LPG to China since 2021 |
| KANHA (9308766) | Palau; Kanha Shipping Inc, Marshall Islands | Over 3 million barrels of high-sulfur fuel oil since 2021 |
| KING CHAIN (9277761) | Cameroon; Saint Abundant International Co Limited | Several million barrels of methanol to China since 2023 |
| POLAR (9050187) | Zanzibar; Terra Nav Shipping Ltd, Marshall Islands | Over 100,000 barrels of propane/butane to Pakistan since 2025 |
| MACKEREL (9234628) | Panama; Betta Shipping Inc, Marshall Islands | Over 500,000 barrels of high-sulfur fuel oil since December 2025 |
| GAS MARAKUA (9240421) | Sierra Leone; Makarua Shipping Limited, British Virgin Islands | Over 1 million barrels of propane/butane since late 2025 |
| ZIXUAN (9317298) | Vanuatu; Goddess Shipping Corp., Marshall Islands | Over 1 million barrels of propane/butane since October 2025 |
| AVA 6 (9226140) | Hong Kong; Standwill Shipping Limited, Hong Kong | Over 1 million barrels of naphtha since September 2025 |
| TINA 5 (9237761) | Vanuatu; Nostalgia Company Limited, Marshall Islands | Over 1.5 million barrels of crude oil in August 2026 |
| SOGL (9208227) | Comoros; Gravion Maritime Company, Marshall Islands | More than 2 million barrels of propane/butane since September 2025 |
| NOBLE SEA (9343118) | San Marino; Brich Shipping Co. Limited, Hong Kong | Over 2 million barrels of ammonia and propane/butane since mid-2025; a 200,000-barrel methanol shipment in June 2026 |
| SHENZHEN (9276561) | Cameroon; Northport Navigation Inc., Marshall Islands | More than 3.5 million barrels of crude oil since November 2025 |
| EXFLAME (9294678) | Gambia; Science Ru Trading Co. Limited, Marshall Islands | More than 400,000 barrels of methanol since mid-2026 |
Treasury also listed other companies associated with the vessels as designated under E.O. 13902. A vessel’s flag or ownership information can change, and the October announcement is not a live status check. For current list entries, consult OFAC’s Sanctions List Search and the applicable official records before making operational decisions.
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What do the sanctions mean for U.S.-linked property and transactions?
Treasury says property and interests in property of designated persons that are in the United States, or in the possession or control of U.S. persons, are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. Entities owned directly or indirectly 50 percent or more in aggregate by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless an OFAC license or exemption applies, U.S. persons and transactions within or transiting the United States generally may not involve property or interests in property of blocked persons. Treasury also notes potential civil or criminal penalties and sanctions exposure for certain foreign financial institutions. These are general descriptions, not advice on a particular transaction; apply the rules to specific facts with qualified sanctions counsel.
Why were two other vessels removed?
In the same announcement, Treasury said OFAC removed HAKUNA MATATA (IMO 9354167) and PINOCCHIO (IMO 9400112) from the sanctions list. Treasury’s stated reason was that the vessels had left the shadow fleet and been sold to non-sanctioned, U.S.-aligned operators, allowing them to reintegrate into licit maritime operations. Their removal illustrates that Treasury considers the maritime network fluid: vessels can enter or leave it. The announcement describes the agency’s reason for removal; it does not guarantee a vessel’s present status beyond the action reported.
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How does OFAC describe maritime sanctions-evasion risks?
OFAC’s April 16, 2025 maritime advisory describes methods it says Iran has used to obscure shipment origins or sanctioned parties. It is background guidance, not a source for the October 2026 status of the vessels listed above.
- Opaque ownership and changing flags: layered ownership structures and shifting or fraudulent vessel flags can make it harder to identify responsible parties.
- Ship-to-ship transfers: OFAC says Iran often uses three to five transfers in a single shipment to obscure crude-oil origin or involvement of a sanctioned vessel. A transfer alone is not proof of evasion; the advisory says such operations can also be legitimate.
- AIS gaps or manipulation: missing or manipulated Automatic Identification System data can conceal a vessel’s movements. Multiple transfers combined with nighttime operations, unsafe waters, or AIS anomalies may present stronger risk indicators.
- Safety concerns: OFAC warns that older, poorly maintained vessels operating outside standard maritime rules can pose safety risks.
The advisory recommends reviewing vessel-registration histories and conducting enhanced due diligence on vessels and counterparties. It also says Kharg Island accounts for around 90 percent of Iran’s total seaborne crude loadings; that figure is the advisory’s estimate, not a measurement of the October 2026 sanctions action. Read OFAC’s April 16, 2025 maritime advisory.
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What Treasury’s announcement does—and does not—establish
The release documents the government’s designations, its legal rationale, and its reported examples of vessel cargo activity. It does not independently establish those shipment histories, quantify any interruption to Iran’s oil trade, or demonstrate an effect on prices. Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent characterized the policy goal this way: “Treasury is starving the tyrannical regime in Tehran of the money it uses to wage war in the region, and we will continue exposing those who enable the regime’s oil sales.” That is the Secretary’s political characterization, not a measured finding about the action’s results.
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