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Automobil ne snima okolinu kamerom iznad krova. Sistem sastavlja virtuelni pogled odozgo iz snimaka nekoliko širokougaonih kamera postavljenih oko vozila. Računar ispravlja izobličenja, geometrijski poravnava kadrove i spaja njihove preklapajuće delove, pa na ekranu nastaje jedinstven prikaz koji pomaže pri parkiranju i manevrisanju.

Odakle dolazi slika od 360 stepeni

Uobičajeni surround-view sistemi koriste četiri kamere usmerene napred, nazad i ka obe bočne strane. Na primer, Nissan opisuje četiri spoljne širokougaone kamere, dok Toyota Canada navodi kamere u prednjoj maski, blizu zadnje registarske tablice i ispod oba retrovizora. Tačan položaj zavisi od konkretnog modela i opreme.

Kamere ne gledaju pravo nadole. Svaka obuhvata širok deo prostora pored vozila, a susedni snimci se delimično preklapaju. Procesor obrađuje te odvojene kadrove u zajednički prikaz. Zato je slika odozgo sintetički, odnosno prerađeni prikaz, a ne snimak koji je zabeležila kamera na krovu. Nissanov opis Intelligent Around View Monitora i objašnjenje General Motorsa iz 2026. opisuju ovakav princip.

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Kako se četiri snimka pretvaraju u jednu sliku

  1. Kamera snima široko područje. Riblje oko ili drugi širokougaoni objektiv obuhvata prostor koji standardni objektiv ne bi mogao da zabeleži u jednom kadru. Široko vidno polje ipak izobličava geometriju, naročito blizu ivica slike.
  2. Procesor ispravlja izobličenje. Softver koriguje oblik kadra i transformiše ga u prikaz koji odgovara zamišljenoj ravni puta oko vozila. Tehnički rad kompanije Texas Instruments opisuje korekciju izobličenja i geometrijsku transformaciju kao deo obrade surround-view slike.
  3. Kadrovi se poravnavaju i spajaju. Sistem usklađuje preklapajuće oblasti susednih kamera i projektuje ih u zajednički koordinatni sistem. Obrada može da ublaži razlike u osvetljenju i balansu boja, kako prelazi između snimaka ne bi bili toliko upadljivi.
  4. Prikazuje se virtuelna perspektiva. Nakon spajanja, sistem prikazuje kompozit kao da se virtuelna kamera nalazi iznad vozila. General Motors ovaj postupak opisuje kao sintezu pogleda odozgo iz živih snimaka kamera, umesto prikazivanja pojedinačnih kadrova.

Texas Instruments u tehničkom radu iz 2015. sažima ključne algoritamske delove kao geometrijsko poravnanje i sintezu kompozitnog prikaza. Njegov opis obuhvata sisteme sa četiri do šest kamera; četiri su čest primer, ali nisu jedini mogući broj.

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360 View 4 Channel Dash Cam Front and Rear Left Right Inside Camera for Cars, GPS and 5G Band WiFi, Night Vision, 160 Wide Angle, WDR, 24H Parking Mode, Supercapacitor, Included 128GB Card
  • 4-Channel Dash Cam for Complete Vehicle Coverage: This dash cam is equipped with four Full HD 1080P cameras, capturing footage of the front, rear, left, and right sides of your vehicle simultaneously. The adjustable front cameras enhance visibility and offer flexible recording angles, including interior footage.
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Zašto spojevi ponekad izgledaju čudno

Kamere gledaju iz različitih položaja i pod različitim uglovima. Ako geometrija nije dobro kalibrisana, isti predmet može da se pojavi pomereno u susednim delovima slike, pa se vide šavovi, dvostruke ivice ili prelomljene linije. Različito osvetljenje i boje između kamera mogu dodatno naglasiti granice spajanja.

General Motors navodi da greška orijentacije manja od 0,1° može biti dovoljna da stvori vidljive šavove ili neusklađenosti u spojenom prikazu. Taj podatak opisuje osetljivost poravnanja, a ne opštu meru preciznosti svih sistema. Kalibracija kamera i njihovo pravilno poravnanje zato su važni za kvalitet slike.

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IIWEY N5 4 Channel Dash Cam for Cars, 360° View 2K Front 1080P Rear Inside
  • ❗❗❗NOTE: This product must be powered by the original cigarette lighter charger; it cannot be powered by a USB cable or a Type-C cable. IIWEY N5 dash cam equipped with a 3" IPS screen, FHD 1080P+1080P+1080P+1080P, which can record 360° all-round including front, rear, sides, and interior. It also features a 2.5K+1080P+1080P+1080P mode for diverse needs. In addition, N5 is equipped with 170° super wide-angle front and rear cameras and 150° wide-angle side cameras, providing a wide field of view.
  • ❗❗❗NOTE: N5 dash cam DON'T HAVE GPS function. The 128GB SD card has been installed in the card slot. It connects to your cellphone via built-in WiFi, no Bluetooth. The rear camera must be wired and connected to the front camera for use. It uses a super-capacitor instead of a battery, so please keep the dash cam connected to a power source while in use, we recommend to use the included car charger, or you can use our HARDWIRE KIT (ASIN B0DHJNRPB9, sold separately).
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  • 【WiFi Using Note】Please note that each time you want to connect the APP to the dash cam, you need to long press the " ◀ " button to turn on WiFi before you can connect. ❗❗❗If the WiFi is not connected to the APP for more than 5 minutes, the dash cam will automatically turn off the WiFi function. This measure is to prevent the dash cam from overheating.

Šta prikaz može, a šta ne može da pokaže

U zavisnosti od vozila, sistem može nuditi pogled odozgo, prednji ili zadnji prikaz, bočni pogled, odnosno 3D prikaz. Dostupni režimi, raspored kamera i uslovi aktiviranja razlikuju se po modelu i paketu opreme. Na primer, GMC Canada navodi da se u većini vozila sa HD Surround Vision sistem ne može koristiti pri brzinama iznad 8 mph (12 km/h).

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Slika zavisi od vidljivosti i stanja kamera, kao i od uslova u kojima rade. Toyota Canada upozorava da hladno vreme i drugi faktori mogu ograničiti rad sistema. Virtuelni pogled takođe nije potpuna zamena za direktnu proveru okoline: spojevi i transformacija perspektive mogu otežati procenu položaja ili izgleda predmeta.

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Kako bezbedno koristiti pogled odozgo

  • Koristite prikaz kao pomoć pri parkiranju i manevrisanju, a ne kao jedini izvor informacija.
  • Proverite okolinu pogledom i retrovizorima, uključujući oblasti koje kamере не prikazuju jasno.
  • Ako slika deluje neobično, oslonite se na neposrednu proveru prostora, a ne na procenu sa ekrana.
  • Uslove rada i ograničenja brzine proverite u uputstvu za konkretan automobil, jer se razlikuju među modelima.

Toyota Canada izričito savetuje da vozač proveri okolinu direktnim pogledom i retrovizorima, umesto da se oslanja samo na prikaz kamere.

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  • Note: This Dash Cam is Wired and Does Not Have A Built-In Battery. This dash camera must be connected to vehicle power source when in use, you can use the car charger included in the box, or you can buy the hardwire kit to connect to car fuse to use (ASIN: B0DHJNRPB9, for 24/7 parking mode). Please confirm this requirement before purchase to avoid misunderstanding.
  • 48-Hour Parking Surveillance (Hardwire Required) – Two smart modes guard your vehicle with the ignition off. 1,Time-Lapse at 1/3/5 fps records continuously for up to ~48 hours while conserving storage. 2,Impact Detection auto-captures and locks a 10-second clip on bumps or tampering. Parking Mode requires the IIWEY hardwire kit (ASIN B0DHJNRPB9; sold separately, not included). If no need Parking Mode, the included car charger is sufficient for daily driving use.
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