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Use a 301 when a URL has moved permanently and you want Google to treat the destination as the replacement. Use a 302 when the move is genuinely temporary and the original URL should remain the intended address. If an HTTP request method must be preserved, use 308 for a permanent move or 307 for a temporary one.
The status code expresses your intent; it is not a guarantee of instant indexing, ranking transfer, or a particular result in every search engine. Correct implementation, direct destinations, consistent canonical signals, and post-launch verification still matter.
What 301 and 302 mean
A redirect tells a client, crawler, or browser that it should request a different URI. The number identifies the type of move. A 301 Moved Permanently says that the resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and that future references should use the new location. A 302 Found says that the resource is temporarily available under another URI.
That distinction is both an HTTP protocol rule and an SEO signal. Google Search evaluates redirect status as part of canonicalization, the process of selecting which URL represents a piece of content in its index. A permanent redirect is a signal that the destination should become canonical; a temporary redirect does not send the same signal.
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Google’s guidance is specific to its own indexing systems. Other crawlers, clients, caches, and application frameworks can interpret redirects differently, so protocol correctness and application behavior should be checked separately from SEO intent.
301 vs. 302 at a glance
| Decision axis | 301 Moved Permanently | 302 Found |
|---|---|---|
| Use it when | The old URL has been replaced and you do not expect to restore it. | The alternate URL is a temporary location while the original remains the intended address. |
| Google Search signal | Googlebot follows it, and Google’s indexing pipeline uses it as a signal that the target should be canonical. | Googlebot follows it, but it is not treated as the same permanent-canonical signal. The target can still be indexed when other signals support it. |
| Typical examples | Permanent URL changes, domain migrations, consolidation of duplicate URLs, or a page with a clear replacement. | Short-lived routing, temporary service unavailability, and an A/B test that sends users to a variation. |
| Request-method behavior | A client may change POST to GET when following it. Choose 308 when preserving the method is required. | A client may change POST to GET when following it. Choose 307 when preserving the method is required. |
| Caching | RFC 9110 says 301 is heuristically cacheable unless method definitions or explicit cache controls say otherwise. | Because 302 represents a temporary location, define explicit cache policy when predictable caching is important. |
How Google uses redirects for indexing
A 301 is a canonicalization signal, not a ranking-transfer promise
When Googlebot encounters a 301, it follows the destination and considers the redirect while choosing a canonical URL. This can help consolidate signals associated with the old address, but Google does not promise an immediate index update or a fixed amount of ranking transfer. Recrawling schedules, duplicate content, internal links, XML sitemaps, canonical tags, and the quality and accessibility of the destination all influence the eventual result.
Google Search Central describes permanent redirects as a signal in its indexing pipeline. Treat that wording literally: the redirect contributes evidence; it does not force a particular page into the index or guarantee that every historical signal will be retained.
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A 302 keeps the original URL eligible
With a 302, Google can follow the target for users and crawling, while continuing to regard the source as the likely long-term address. The target may still be indexed if other canonicalization signals point to it, but the temporary status does not tell Google that the old URL has been retired. That makes 302 appropriate when you expect the original URL to return or remain the public address after a short-lived condition.
Permanent and temporary families
Google recognizes 301 and 308 as permanent redirect signals, and 302, 303, and 307 as temporary signals. The choice among them should therefore begin with duration and indexing intent, then account for HTTP method requirements.
Choose by intent, not by convenience
Use 301 for a permanent URL change
Return a server-side 301 when an article, product page, endpoint, or site has moved for good. Common cases include changing a URL structure, moving a domain, consolidating duplicate versions, or replacing an obsolete page with a clearly corresponding successor. The old address should no longer be the preferred public URL.
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Map each old URL to the closest relevant new URL. A specific page should normally lead to its specific replacement, not to a generic home page or an unrelated category. Direct relevance gives users a coherent destination and gives crawlers a clearer relationship between the two resources.
Use 302 for a real temporary condition
Return a 302 while the original URL remains the intended address. Examples include a temporary outage page, short-term routing during maintenance, or a temporary location that will be removed when an operational event ends. Keep the original URL available as the long-term reference in navigation, canonical tags, and other signals when that is the intended architecture.
Use 307 or 308 when the method must survive
SEO intent and request semantics are separate decisions. Under RFC 9110, a user agent may change a POST request to GET when following a 301 or 302. That behavior can be acceptable for ordinary page navigation but can break an API call, form submission, checkout action, or webhook that depends on the original method and body.
Use 308 Permanent Redirect when the move is permanent and the request method must be preserved. Use 307 Temporary Redirect when the move is temporary and method preservation is required. Confirm that the client, framework, proxy, and application all support the chosen status before deploying it.
When a redirect is the wrong fix
A removed page with no replacement
If a page has been removed and there is no genuinely relevant replacement, do not redirect it indiscriminately to an unrelated page. Google’s crawling-error guidance says a moved page with a clear replacement can return a 301; a removed page without a replacement may appropriately return a true 404. A truthful 404 tells users and crawlers that the resource is not available instead of creating a misleading relationship.
Content that is merely similar
Similarity alone does not make a destination a replacement. A redirect from an old technical guide to a broad home page, for example, may satisfy the browser but fail the visitor’s task. Select a destination that fulfills the same intent, or leave the old URL as a 404 if no such page exists.
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Redirects used to hide an unfinished migration
Changing a 302 to 301 before the destination is stable can make rollback harder and can cause caches or crawlers to retain the permanent signal longer than intended. Keep a temporary status until the move is truly final, then change it deliberately and update every supporting signal.
Implementation workflow for a permanent move
- Decide whether the move is final. Confirm with the content, product, and operations owners that the old URL will not be restored. If the answer is uncertain, treat the change as temporary.
- Build an old-to-new URL map. List every important old URL and assign its closest relevant replacement. Include protocol, hostname, path, query-string behavior, trailing-slash rules, and case sensitivity in the mapping.
- Return a server-side status. Configure the origin server or edge layer to return 301 for a method-changing permanent move, or 308 when the method and request body must be preserved. Server-side redirects are the most reliably interpreted option in Google’s documentation.
- Point directly to the final destination. Avoid sending an old URL through several intermediate URLs. A direct response reduces latency, simplifies crawling, and makes debugging possible.
- Update internal signals. Change internal links, XML sitemaps, canonical tags, structured data URLs, hreflang references, feeds, and campaign links so they use the final URL. A redirect should catch old references, not replace routine linking to the correct address.
- Test representative requests. Check the status code, Location value, protocol, host, path, query parameters, and whether the destination itself returns a successful response. Test both an ordinary GET and any important non-GET request.
- Inspect after launch. Use Google Search Console’s URL Inspection tool to verify that sample URLs return the intended code and destination. Monitor crawl errors, indexing reports, server logs, and traffic to both old and new URL sets.
How to handle a temporary redirect
- Define the end condition. Record what event will remove the redirect: completion of maintenance, restoration of a service, or the end of an experiment.
- Return 302 for ordinary page navigation. Use 307 instead when preserving the original request method and body is necessary.
- Keep the original URL’s signals consistent. Do not permanently rewrite canonical tags, sitemaps, or navigation to the temporary target unless the architecture intentionally makes that target the preferred address.
- Control caching deliberately. A temporary route that is cached too aggressively can outlive the event that caused it. Set explicit cache headers where browsers, proxies, or CDNs must stop using the redirect at a known time.
- Remove or replace the redirect when the condition ends. Restore the original response, or execute a separately planned permanent migration if the temporary location has become the final one.
A/B tests and experiments
For an experiment that redirects users from an original URL to a variation URL, Google recommends a 302 temporary redirect rather than a 301. The temporary status prevents the variation from being signaled as the permanent replacement while the test runs.
Keep the test duration and routing rules clear. When the experiment ends, remove the redirect and restore the control, or make a separately justified permanent change with the appropriate mapping and supporting signals. Do not leave a temporary test redirect in place indefinitely; an experiment with no planned end can look like an accidental migration.
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Redirect chains and loops
Keep chains short
For a site move, Google recommends planning URL mappings and using server-side permanent redirects where technically possible. Its guidance says to keep chains short—ideally no more than three hops and fewer than five. Every extra hop adds another request, another failure point, and another opportunity for inconsistent status codes or destinations.
For example, prefer /old-page → /final-page over /old-page → /intermediate → /new-page → /final-page. When a later redesign changes the destination, update the original mapping to the new final URL instead of stacking another redirect on top.
Prevent loops
A loop occurs when URL A redirects to URL B and URL B redirects back to URL A, or when normalization rules repeatedly change the same request. Check protocol, hostname, trailing slash, uppercase letters, default ports, and query-string rewrites as one system. Test both HTTP and HTTPS, and both host variants, before declaring the migration complete.
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Server-side versus other redirect methods
Google supports multiple redirect mechanisms, but its documentation places server-side redirects first and recommends them when technically possible. Configure the status at the web server, application server, or edge service that can return the response before rendering a page.
Client-side JavaScript redirects and meta-refresh techniques can be harder for users and crawlers to interpret consistently and may delay navigation. They should not be the default for a permanent site move when a server-side response is available. If platform limitations force a fallback, document the limitation and verify how the affected URLs are crawled.
Verification checklist
- The status code matches the intended duration: permanent or temporary.
- The Location header contains the exact intended destination.
- The destination is accessible, returns the expected final status, and does not redirect again unnecessarily.
- Important query parameters are retained, removed, or transformed intentionally.
- POST, PUT, PATCH, and other non-GET requests behave correctly; use 307 or 308 when method preservation is required.
- Internal links, canonical tags, XML sitemaps, feeds, structured data, and hreflang entries use final URLs.
- There are no redirect loops and no long chains.
- Temporary redirects have an owner, an end condition, and an explicit cache policy.
- Representative old URLs have been checked in Google Search Console’s URL Inspection tool after deployment.
Common mistakes and recovery steps
Using 302 for a permanent migration
Symptom: Old URLs remain the apparent preferred addresses, while the new pages do not receive the canonical signal you expected.
Fix: Confirm that the move is final, change the response to 301 (or 308 for method preservation), update internal signals, and submit or recrawl the affected URLs through your normal Search Console workflow. Do not assume the change will be instantaneous.
Using 301 for a temporary test
Symptom: A variation URL begins appearing as the replacement even though the experiment is still running.
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Redirecting every missing URL to the home page
Symptom: Visitors land on a page that does not answer the request, and analytics show low engagement from redirected traffic.
Fix: Map only URLs with a clear, relevant replacement. Return a genuine 404 for removed content with no suitable successor.
Ignoring POST-to-GET behavior
Symptom: A form, API call, or webhook reaches the destination as GET, loses its body, or fails validation.
Fix: Test the complete request flow and use 307 or 308 when the method and body must remain unchanged. Ensure every intermediary supports the status code.
Leaving chains after several redesigns
Symptom: Crawling is slower, some hops return inconsistent codes, or a destination becomes unreachable after one layer changes.
Fix: Rebuild the mapping so each historical URL points directly to the current final URL. Remove obsolete intermediate rules and retest the largest traffic and backlink sources first.
Decision examples
| Scenario | Recommended response | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| An article moves from one permanent path to another. | 301; use 308 only if a non-GET method must be preserved. | The old address has a clear permanent replacement. |
| A domain migration is complete and the old domain will remain redirected. | Server-side 301 for each mapped URL. | Search engines need a permanent migration signal and direct URL mappings. |
| A service is temporarily unavailable and users should be sent to a status page. | 302; use 307 if the request method must remain unchanged. | The original address is still intended to return. |
| An A/B test sends visitors from the control URL to a variation. | 302 while the test runs. | Google specifically recommends a temporary redirect for this experiment pattern. |
| A deleted page has no relevant successor. | 404 rather than an unrelated redirect. | There is no truthful replacement URL. |
| An API endpoint permanently changes while clients send POST requests. | 308, after confirming client and intermediary support. | The move is permanent and method preservation matters. |
What to remember when choosing
Start with the lifecycle decision: will the original URL come back, or has it been replaced for good? Then choose the status family that communicates that intent. Finally, check whether the request method must survive, whether the destination is genuinely relevant, and whether the implementation creates direct, testable paths.
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