Use one Playwright browser, a reusable context, and a controlled loop (or bounded worker pool) to capture a list of URLs. Navigate each page with an explicit readiness and timeout policy, write deterministic filenames, and close resources in finally. The complete Node.js example below captures full-page PNGs, records per-URL failures, and keeps the batch moving.
Complete bulk screenshot script
Install Playwright and its browser binaries in your project:
npm install playwright
npx playwright install chromiumSave this as bulk-screenshots.mjs. It creates the output directory, sanitizes names, reuses one browser and context, and handles each target independently.
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
import path from 'node:path';
const targets = [
{ url: 'https://example.com', slug: 'example' },
{ url: 'https://playwright.dev', slug: 'playwright' },
{ url: 'https://news.ycombinator.com', slug: 'hacker-news' },
];
const outputDir = path.resolve('screenshots');
const safeSlug = (value) => value.toLowerCase()
.replace(/[^a-z0-9-_]+/g, '-')
.replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '') || 'page';
await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 },
deviceScaleFactor: 1,
});
const page = await context.newPage();
const failures = [];
try {
for (const [index, target] of targets.entries()) {
const filename = `${String(index + 1).padStart(3, '0')}-${safeSlug(target.slug)}.png`;
try {
await page.goto(target.url, {
waitUntil: 'networkidle',
timeout: 45_000,
});
await page.screenshot({
path: path.join(outputDir, filename),
fullPage: true,
type: 'png',
scale: 'css',
timeout: 30_000,
});
console.log(`Saved ${filename}`);
} catch (error) {
failures.push({ url: target.url, error: error.message });
console.error(`Failed ${target.url}: ${error.message}`);
}
}
} finally {
await context.close();
await browser.close();
}
if (failures.length) {
console.error(JSON.stringify({ failures }, null, 2));
process.exitCode = 1;
}Run it with node bulk-screenshots.mjs. The default screenshot is the visible viewport; fullPage: true captures the complete scrollable document, as though it were displayed on a screen tall enough to contain it.
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Prepare inputs and filenames safely
Use records, not parallel arrays
Keep the URL and its intended name together: { url, slug }. This prevents a reordered URL list from receiving the wrong filename. If URLs come from CSV or a database, validate that each is an absolute HTTP(S) URL before navigation.
Guarantee unique, filesystem-safe paths
Slugs can contain slashes, query punctuation, Unicode, or duplicates. Sanitize them and add an index, database ID, or hash. Never let an input URL directly determine a path; characters such as / can create unintended directories, while duplicate slugs silently overwrite prior captures.
Create output before navigation
mkdir(..., { recursive: true }) makes a clean run work on a new machine and in CI. For resumable jobs, write to a temporary filename and rename it only after a successful screenshot, or skip files that already pass your validation check.
Choose viewport or full-page capture
Viewport screenshots
Omit fullPage (or set it to false) when you need exactly what a user sees at a fixed width and height. This is appropriate for visual regression baselines, hero sections, and responsive breakpoint checks.
Full-page screenshots
Set fullPage: true for long documents. Lazy-loaded content may not exist until scrolling triggers it; let the application load those images or scroll deliberately before capture. Very tall pages can consume substantial memory and produce large files, so consider element or clipped captures for enormous documents.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
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Element or rectangle captures
Capture a component with a locator and locator.screenshot(), or pass clip: { x, y, width, height } to select a rectangle. Element captures are often more stable than full-page images when navigation, ads, or personalized modules change around the target.
Make pages deterministic
Wait for meaningful application state
networkidle is only a network heuristic. Analytics, WebSockets, and polling can prevent it—or it can occur before a client-rendered chart is usable. Prefer a page-specific signal:
await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 45_000 });
await page.locator('[data-test="report-ready"]').waitFor({ state: 'visible', timeout: 20_000 });For a known delay, use await page.waitForTimeout(1000), but a selector or application event is generally less wasteful and more reliable.
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Freeze motion and volatile regions
Animations, rotating carousels, timestamps, and user-specific widgets create pixel differences. Playwright can inject screenshot-only CSS with style and hide changing content with mask:
await page.screenshot({
path: 'screenshots/stable.png',
fullPage: true,
style: `*, *::before, *::after {
animation: none !important;
transition: none !important;
caret-color: transparent !important;
}`,
mask: [page.locator('.live-clock'), page.locator('[data-personalized]')],
});Use a stable browser engine, viewport, device scale, locale, timezone, and authentication state when comparing runs. Accept cookies or set a deterministic state before capture if a consent dialog would obscure the page.
Rank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
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- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Screenshot options that matter in a batch
| Option | Use | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
type |
png, jpeg, or webp |
PNG preserves lossless detail; JPEG/WebP usually reduce storage. |
quality |
JPEG quality from 0 to 100 | Only applies to JPEG; lower values reduce bytes and fidelity. |
scale |
css or device pixels |
CSS scale is smaller and easier to compare; device scale is sharper but larger. |
clip |
Capture a specified rectangle | Efficient, but coordinates must match the intended layout. |
mask |
Cover sensitive or dynamic locators | Improves repeatability while hiding the masked content. |
style |
Apply temporary CSS during capture | Changes only the screenshot, not page behavior. |
timeout |
Limit screenshot completion time | Prevents a stuck page from blocking the entire batch. |
Concurrency without exhausting the machine
A single shared page is simplest and minimizes browser overhead. Independent URLs can run in parallel, but do not create an unbounded promise for every input. Use a bounded worker pool: each worker owns a page (or context), takes the next index, navigates, captures, and records errors. The appropriate worker count depends on page weight, available CPU and memory, network capacity, and the target site’s limits; Playwright’s official documentation does not publish a universal throughput number. Measure your workload, then increase concurrency until latency, failures, or resource use becomes unacceptable.
Separate contexts provide isolated cookies and storage. Reuse a context when all pages share the same state; create a context per account or locale when they do not. Always close workers in a finally block.
Retries, failures, and CI reporting
Catch errors inside the URL loop so one timeout does not discard successful files. Retry transient navigation failures with a small, bounded count and a delay; do not blindly retry deterministic 404s or authentication errors. Record URL, attempt, error message, and (when available) HTTP status. A CI job can continue to collect all results and exit nonzero at the end, as the example does.
- Use a longer navigation timeout for slow origins, but keep a separate screenshot timeout.
- Capture a diagnostic screenshot or HTML on failure when the page partially loaded.
- Respect robots, authentication, rate limits, and terms for every target.
- Keep secrets out of URLs and logs; use Playwright context credentials or environment variables.
Command-line captures
For one-off jobs, the Playwright CLI supports full-page output, a filename, image type, and high-resolution mode:
npx playwright screenshot --full-page --filename=shot.png --type=png https://example.com
npx playwright screenshot --hires --filename=shot.webp --type=webp https://example.comThe Node.js API is preferable for batches because it gives you input validation, naming, readiness checks, retries, and structured reporting.
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- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
Or skip the browser setup
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Using the API documentation, a cURL batch call can look like this:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot"
-d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY
--data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com
-o shot.webpPython:
import requests
r = requests.get(
"https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot",
params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"},
timeout=90,
)
r.raise_for_status()
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js:
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`${res.status} ${await res.text()}`);
const fs = await import('node:fs/promises');
await fs.writeFile('shot.webp', Buffer.from(await res.arrayBuffer()));The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account to try it.
Troubleshooting common failures
Timeout waiting for navigation
Check DNS, TLS, redirects, login requirements, and the target’s network calls. Use domcontentloaded plus a specific readiness locator, and raise the timeout only when the workload genuinely needs it.
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The screenshot is blank or incomplete
Wait for a visible application marker, ensure the correct frame is loaded, and scroll or trigger lazy loading before a full-page capture. Check whether a cookie dialog or bot challenge covers the document.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Files overwrite each other
Make slugs unique and include an index or stable ID. Log the final absolute path for every successful capture.
CI images differ from local images
Pin the Playwright version and browser installation, set viewport and scale explicitly, disable animation, fix locale/timezone, and mask dynamic regions. Fonts installed on the runner can also change layout.
Out-of-memory or very slow batches
Reduce concurrency, reuse contexts, capture an element instead of a huge document, choose CSS scale, and close pages promptly. Profile CPU, memory, file size, and failure rate before changing worker counts.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsPractical checklist
- Validate URLs and assign unique sanitized names.
- Create the output directory before starting.
- Set viewport, scale, image type, and full-page behavior deliberately.
- Wait for application state, not only network idle.
- Freeze animations and mask volatile or sensitive regions.
- Catch and report each URL’s failure; retry only transient errors.
- Bound concurrency and measure the target workload.
- Close pages, contexts, and the browser in
finally. - Keep credentials and private captures out of logs and repositories.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Playwright save screenshot bytes instead of a file?
Yes. Omit path from page.screenshot(); it returns a buffer that you can upload, hash, or process before writing.
Which browser engine should a batch use?
Chromium is a practical default, but Playwright also supports its other installed engines. Use the same pinned engine for reproducible comparisons.
How many pages should run concurrently?
There is no universal official number. Benchmark your page weight, runner resources, origin limits, latency, and failure rate with a bounded worker count.
Quick Recap
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