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If you cannot explain what an AI-generated change does, do not approve it yet. First establish the intended behavior, then trace the code in small pieces, check it against the project’s requirements and patterns, and validate it with tests and security checks. AI authorship does not change who is accountable: a human reviewer must understand and own the change.

How do I review AI-generated code I don’t understand?

Review it as you would any unfamiliar contribution, but be especially careful not to treat an AI explanation or a green test run as proof. Start with the change’s purpose and context; then work through what the code actually does. GitHub’s review guidance emphasizes checking alignment with requirements and architecture, while OWASP’s secure code review guidance begins with the system’s architecture and business requirements. GitHub’s guide to reviewing AI-generated code and the OWASP Secure Code Review Cheat Sheet offer complementary context.

  1. State the intended behavior. Read the issue or specification, pull request description, relevant repository documentation, and nearby implementation. Write down the expected result and constraints, including conventions the code should follow.
  2. Make the diff manageable. Review one logical change at a time. Separate formatting or mechanical edits from behavior changes. If a patch combines unrelated work or obscures its purpose, ask for a smaller diff, clearer names, or a simpler implementation.
  3. Trace the important paths. For each changed function or block, identify its callers, inputs, outputs, state changes, assumptions, and failure behavior. Check the surrounding code where needed to understand control flow and invariants.
  4. Validate independently. Run the project’s normal build and relevant tests, compare results with the baseline, and inspect warnings. Add static analysis, secret scanning, or dependency checks where available. Review whether tests actually assert the requested behavior and cover failures and edge cases.
  5. Inspect security-sensitive behavior. Follow data and authority through validation, authentication, authorization, external calls, dependencies, error handling, and configuration. Pay particular attention to code that runs during installation, testing, building, or deployment.
  6. Decide whether to approve, simplify, or escalate. Approve only when the purpose and important behavior are understandable, checks are appropriate, and remaining risk is acceptable under your team’s policy. Ask for a qualified reviewer when the change touches a security-critical or unfamiliar area.

How can I tell whether AI-written code is safe to merge?

For each important changed function or block, answer these questions in your own words:

  • What calls this code, and under what conditions?
  • Can inputs be missing, malformed, unusually large, or controlled by an untrusted user?
  • What data or state does it read or modify?
  • What does it return, log, send, or expose when something goes wrong?
  • Which assumptions must hold for the behavior to be correct?
  • What test would fail if one of those assumptions were false?

If you cannot answer, pause approval. Ask the author or AI tool to explain one smaller section at a time, verify the explanation against the source and project, and request a simpler rewrite if the design remains opaque. An explanation can help you investigate, but it cannot establish that the code is correct. OWASP Top 10:2025 states: “You should be able to read and fully understand all code you submit, even if it is written by an AI or copied from an online forum.” See OWASP Top 10:2025.

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  • Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
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What checks should I run—and what can they prove?

Use several checks because each finds different kinds of problems. NIST’s software verification guidance lists techniques including threat modeling, automated testing, static scanning, secret detection, black-box and structural testing, fuzzing, and web application scanning. The right set depends on the application and the risk of the change; no single result proves a change is safe.

Review approach Useful for What it cannot establish by itself
Manual walkthrough against requirements Understanding intent, project conventions, control flow, and contextual business logic. It can miss defects, especially in large or unfamiliar changes.
Build and tests Checking whether the project builds and whether tested cases behave as expected. Passing tests do not prove correctness if tests omit important cases or encode the same mistaken assumptions as the implementation.
Static analysis and security scanning Finding patterns such as some vulnerability classes, exposed secrets, and dependency issues. Tools may miss contextual vulnerabilities or business-logic flaws; results need review.
AI explanation or review Suggesting questions, summarizing unfamiliar code, or identifying areas to inspect. An AI-generated explanation or review is not independent evidence that the code is correct, secure, or maintainable.
Specialist review Assessing risks in domains such as authentication, cryptography, infrastructure, or application security. It complements, rather than transfers, the team’s responsibility for the change.

Compare test and analysis results with the project’s baseline so that existing warnings are not confused with new ones. OWASP cautions against treating AI-generated tests as security evidence or using test pass rates alone as a measure of confidence. For security-sensitive paths, consider threat modeling, fuzzing or property-based tests, and dynamic checks appropriate to the application. NISTIR 8397 describes software verification techniques; OWASP’s Secure Coding with AI Cheat Sheet discusses review and testing practices for AI-assisted development.

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Which parts of an AI-generated change need extra scrutiny?

Focus on places where untrusted data, elevated authority, or deployment behavior can create consequences beyond the changed function. Trace data from its source to where it is used, stored, executed, or exposed.

  • Inputs and data handling: Check validation and output encoding, and follow user-controlled values into database queries, shell commands, file paths, and network destinations.
  • Access control: Verify authentication and authorization at the point where the operation is enforced, not only in a user interface or caller.
  • Secrets and cryptography: Look for exposed credentials, unsafe handling of secrets, and unexplained changes to cryptographic behavior.
  • External calls and errors: Check destinations, dependency behavior, data sent outside the application, and whether error responses disclose sensitive information.
  • Build and deployment: Inspect dependencies and package scripts, CI workflows, Dockerfiles, build files, deployment manifests, and files that execute during install, test, build, or deploy.

OWASP’s manual review guidance highlights data-flow, business-logic, and configuration review because automated tools may not catch vulnerabilities that depend on application context. Its AI coding guidance also calls out execution and deployment files as sensitive review surfaces. Use the OWASP Secure Code Review Cheat Sheet and OWASP Secure Coding with AI Cheat Sheet when evaluating those areas.

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When should I ask for a rewrite or another reviewer?

Do not approve a change just because it is difficult to review. Request a simpler implementation or clarification when you cannot explain a critical path, when unrelated behavior is bundled together, or when assumptions remain unverified. Escalate to a qualified reviewer for changes involving authentication, authorization, cryptography, identity and access management (IAM), CI/CD, deployment manifests, or network and sandbox policies.

OWASP recommends assigning a human owner to every AI-generated change: “That owner is responsible for its correctness, security, and maintenance.” The owner should be able to explain the change and remain accountable for maintaining it. NIST’s guidance likewise supports defining when review and analysis are required and recording and triaging findings. See the OWASP Secure Coding with AI Cheat Sheet and NISTIR 8397.

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