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JWST observations of the rocky planet HD 3167 b found a dayside eclipse signal much dimmer than expected from a dark, maximally hot bare rock. The result is evidence consistent with an atmosphere, but it does not prove one is present or reveal what it contains: the study also considers a highly reflective surface as an alternative.
What did JWST detect on HD 3167 b?
A team led by University of Chicago graduate student Brandon Park Coy observed HD 3167 b with the James Webb Space Telescope’s Mid-Infrared Instrument Low Resolution Spectrometer. Their paper, “Evidence for an Atmosphere on the Ultra-short-period Super-Earth HD 3167 b,” appeared in The Astrophysical Journal Letters in July 2026. The published paper reports a white-light eclipse depth of 38 ± 11 parts per million (ppm), more than five standard deviations below the depth expected from a dark, maximally hot bare rock. University of Chicago paper listing; published paper and measurement.
An eclipse occurs when a planet passes behind its star as seen from Earth. By comparing the system’s light before and during the planet’s disappearance, astronomers can estimate the light coming from the planet’s dayside. Here, the measured signal was lower than the bare-rock model predicted; it was not a direct image of an atmosphere.
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Does HD 3167 b have an atmosphere?
The observation supports the possibility that it does, but the evidence is not conclusive. An atmosphere could reduce the dayside’s apparent brightness by carrying heat to the nightside or reflecting some of the star’s incoming light. The paper also discusses a different explanation: a surface with very high reflectivity could produce a similarly dim dayside signal. The eclipse measurement alone does not distinguish these explanations. Published paper and interpretation; paper discussion of alternatives.
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What kind of planet is HD 3167 b?
HD 3167 b is a rocky super-Earth orbiting close to its star. The paper reports a radius of 1.6 Earth radii, an equilibrium temperature of 1,786 K and an orbital period of 0.96 days. University of Chicago coverage places it about 154 light-years away in the constellation Pisces. Published paper; University of Chicago coverage.
It is described as a “lava world” because its extreme proximity to its star makes it intensely hot. The term is a broad description of a class of scorching, close-orbiting rocky planets, not evidence that this particular observation detected a global ocean of molten rock.
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What is HD 3167 b’s atmosphere made of?
The reported eclipse result does not establish a chemical inventory. It does not show that water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or vaporized rock is present. The finding concerns the planet’s unexpectedly low dayside brightness and what might explain it—not a detection of specific gases. Published paper; paper interpretation.
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Why is a possible atmosphere surprising?
Close-in rocky planets face intense stellar winds and high-energy radiation, which can make atmospheres difficult to retain. Edwin Kite, a University of Chicago associate professor of geophysical sciences and co-author of the study, said: “What’s so surprising is that the closer a rocky planet orbits its star, the harder it should be to have an atmosphere, because it’s bombarded by stellar wind and gets more high-energy photons from the star. But it seems that many of these lava worlds do.” University of Chicago coverage; Kite’s faculty biography.
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Studying such extreme planets can help researchers examine how rocky worlds retain or lose atmospheres and how planets evolve. That makes HD 3167 b scientifically useful, but it is not presented as a habitable destination.
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